IF YOU HAVE TO TESTIFY ...

Tell the truth! This is the single most important advice any witness should remember. Dress neatly! A neat appearance and proper dress in court give an important first, and lasting, impression. Be prepared! You should know days or weeks ahead of time that you will be testifying in court. Think about the incident and what happened so that you can recall the details accurately when you are asked in court. If you need help remembering these details, write the facts down. If you have already written a statement for the police, ask the prosecutor for a copy; reading it may jog your memory on some details. Think ahead of time about the answers you will give to the questions you expect will be asked. Stick to the facts! The Judge or jury only wants to hear the facts as you know them to be, not what someone else told you.

Relax ... speak clearly! You have nothing to fear when giving true answers. When you are asked questions, give your answer as clearly as possible. Expect to be questioned by several people. One of the basic rules in a criminal case is that both sides have a chance to question every witness. Questions asked by both sides have the same goal --- to find out what is true.

Don't let the defense lawyer upset you. It may seem at times that he is trying to pin you down, but he has the right to test how many of the facts you know and accurately remember.

Don't start to answer a question until the question is finished. If you haven't yet heard the entire question, you don't really know what you're being asked. Don't "jump the gun" by answering what you think the question will be (when it is finished).

Think about your answer before you give it. Your every word counts. Be descriptive. Be accurate. Vague or inconsistent responses give other people a chance to (mis)interpret what you meant your answer to be. Answer all questions to the point. If the question calls for a short answer, give a short answer; if you need to explain, explain. Answer only the question asked. Do not volunteer additional information. Don't guess! If you don't know the answer to a question, say so --- If you don't remember the information that you are asked about, say so.

Answer the questions verbally. Your testimony is being recorded (either tape recorded or written down). No head shakes or head nods, or "uh-huh" / "uh-uh" instead of saying "yes" / "no"! If you don't understand or didn't hear the question, ask that it be explained or repeated.

If either lawyer raises an objection, stop speaking at once! After the Judge has ruled, you will be instructed whether to continue. The District Attorney’s Office will assist you with any questions you may have prior to your court appearance.

• Why am I a witness? I didn't see the crime occur.